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This is a small list of Japanese terms used in karate and martial arts, not specifically Shotokan. These are always useful when attending other schools or competitions. Some schools teach entirely in English, while others use virtually none.
Blocks (Uke)
- Gedan Barai - Downward Block
- Soto Ude Uke - Outside Forearm Block
- Uchi Ude Uke - Inside Forearm Block
- Shuto Uke- Knife Hand Block
- Kakiwake Uke - Wedge Block
- Juji Uke - X Block
- Tate Shuto Uke - Vertical Knife Hand Block
- Morote Uke - Augmented Block
- Sukui Uke - Sweeping Block
- Age Uke - Upper Rising Block
- Ashikubi-Kake Uke - Ankle Hooking Block.
- Haishu Uke - Back Hand Block.
- Haito Uke - Ridge-hand Block.
- Haiwan Uke - Back Arm Block
- Kagi Uke - Hooking Block.
- Kaisho Uke - Open Hand Block
- Kake Uke - Hooking Block
- Nagashi Uke - Sweeping Block
- Nami Ashi - Inside Snapping Block.
Punches (Tsuki or Zuki)
- Ake empi - Rising elbow strike
- Choku zuki - Straight punch
- Empi uchi - Elbow strike
- Gyaku zuki - Reverse punch
- Haishu uchi - Back hand strike
- Haito uchi - Ridge hand strike
- Hisami zuki - Scissor strike
- Kage zuki - Hook punch
- Kizami zuki - Straight jab punch
- Mae mawashi empi uchi - Augmented side elbow strike (kata, Heian yondan)
- Mawashi empi - Hook elbow strike
- Morote zuki - Double punch (Tekki shodan)
- Nukite - Spear-hand strike
- Oi zuki - Lunge punch
- Sanbon zuki - Triple punch
- Shuto uchi - Knife-hand strike
- Sokumen empi uchi - Augmented elbow strike (kata, Tekki shodan)
- Tate zuki - Half reverse punch
- Teisho furi uchi - Sideways palm-heel strike
- Teisho uchi - Palm-heel strike
- Tettsui - Hammer-fist strike
- Tettsui hasami uchi - Hammer-fist scissor strike
- Uraken uchi - Backfist strike
- Ura zuki - Backfist punch
- Ushiro empi - Back elbow strike
- Yama zuki ("mountain punch") - Wide double fisted strike (kata, Bassai dai )
- Awase zuki - Narrow double fisted strike
- Yoko empi - Side elbow strike
- Yoko tettsui - Sideways hammer-fist strike (kata, Heian sandan)
- Gyaku age zuki - Rising reverse punch (kata, Enpi)
Kicks (Geri)
- Mae Geri - Front Kick
- Yoko Geri Keage - Side Snap Kick
- Yoko Geri Kekomi - Side Thrust Kick
- Mawashi Geri - Roundhouse Kick
- Ushiro Geri - Back Kick
- Mikazuki Geri - Crescent Kick
- Ushiro Mawashi Geri - Reverse Roundhouse Kick
- Mae Tobi Geri - Front Jumping Kick
- Kakato Geri - Heel kick
- Hiza Geri - Knee Kick
- Ashi Gatana - Foot Sword
- Fumikomi Geri - Stamping kick
- Ashi Waza - All leg and foot techniques
- Nidan Geri - Double Kick
- Ren Geri - Consecutive Kicking
- Tsumasaki Geri - Kick using the tips of the toes
- Mae Geri Kekomi - Front Thrust Kick
- Keage - 'Kick Up'
- Mae Geri Keage - Front Snapping Kick
Strikes (Uchi)
- Seiken - Forefist
- Uraken - Backfist
- Tettsui - Hammer Fist
- Nukite - Spear Fist
- Haito - Ridge Hand
- Teisho - Palm Heel
- Haishu - Back Hand
- Shuto - Knife Hand
- Keito - Chicken Head Wrist
- Kakuto - Bent Wrist
Stances (Dachi)
- fudo dachi - rooted stance
- hachiji dachi - natural stance
- hangetsu dachi - half-moon stance
- heisoku dachi - informal attention stance
- kiba dachi - horse stance / side stance
- kokutsu dachi - back stance
- kosa dachi - cross-legged stance
- neko ashi dachi - cat stance
- renoji dachi - L-stance (e.g. in the kata, Heian godan)
- sanchin dachi: hourglass stance
- shizentai: ready stance
- katashi dachi: crane-like stance (e.g. in the kata Enpi)
- tsuru ashi dachi: crane stance (e.g. in the kata Gankaku)
- zenkutsu dachi
Smashes (Ate)
- Empi Ate - Elbow Smash
- Hiza Ate - Knee Smash
Parts of the Body
- Ashi - Foot or Leg
- Ashikubi - Ankle
- Ashi Yubi - Toes
- Empi - Elbow (also called HIJI)
- Gan - Eye
- Haiwan - Back Arm
- Hiji - Elbow
- Hira Kote - Level Forearm
- Hiza - Knee or Lap
- Hizagashira - Knee Cap
- Kakato - Heel (of the foot)
- Kami - Hair
- Kansetsu - Joint
- Karada - Body, Physique
- Komekani - The temple area of the head
- Matsukaze - The side of the neck
- Sokko - Top Of The Foot
- Sokutei - Sole of Foot
- Zenshin - Whole (entire) Body
Directional
- Age - Upper
- Barai - Sweeping
- Chudan - Middle
- Gedan - Lower
- Gyaku - Reverse
- Hanmi - Side Facing
- Hidari - Left
- Jodan - Upper/High
- Kage - Hook
- Mae - Forward
- Mawashi - Round
- Migi - Right
- Otoshi - Downward
- Tate - Vertical/Upward
- Tobi - Jump
- Ushiro - Backward
- Yoko - Sideways
Other Terms
- Chudan - Middle
- Jodan - Upper
- Dojo - Place of training
- Sempai - Senior
- Sensei - Teacher
- Shihan - Master
- Tai Sabaki - Body Shifting
- Kime - Focus
- Kiai - Shout used to help Ki and Physical Power
- Ki - Spirit, Inner Power
- Obi - Belt
- Mawate - Turn
- Bushido - The way of the warrior
- Budo - Martial way or path
- Gi - Karate Uniform
- Jiyu kumite - Free sparring
- Karateka - practitioner or student
- Kamae - Fighting stance; on guard
- Kata - Fixed sequence of training execises
- Nage-waza - Throwing techniques
- Rei - Command to bow
- Shomen Ni Rei - Bow to the front
- Sanbon Kumite - Three step sparring
- Jiyu Ippon - Semi free one step sparring
- Gohon kumite - Five step sparring
- Yoi - Ready command
- Yame - relax command
- Kietsuke - Attention
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